External and internal forcings: External forcing mechanisms involve agents acting from outside the climate system (e.g., Milankovitch cycles). Internal mechanisms operate within the climate system ...

How do habitat loss and fragmentation affect species and ecosystems? Spatial ecology investigates the immense variety of spatial patterns in nature and their ecological consequences. If you take a ...

This is important for growing settlements. The water cycle works by using the energy of the Sun to move water from oceans and lakes to the atmosphere, and then back into the oceans again.