Commissions do not affect our editors' opinions or evaluations. Preferred provider organization (PPO) and point of service (POS) health plans generally offer more flexibility than plans like ...

PyTorch implementations of algorithms from "Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction by Sutton and Barto", along with various RL research papers.

Concise pytorch implementations of DRL algorithms, including REINFORCE, A2C, Rainbow DQN, PPO(discrete and continuous), DDPG, TD3, SAC, PPO-discrete-RNN(LSTM/GRU). python==3.7.9 numpy==1.19.4 ...

The RAS-MAPK system plays an important role in regulating various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and transformation. Dysregulation of this system has been implicated ...

大家都知道，LLM 的训练过程很复杂，其中有两个关键阶段：预训练和后训练。今天咱们就来深入聊聊在这一过程中发挥重要作用的近端策略优化（PPO）算法和组相对策略优化（GRPO）算法。这俩算法不仅在学术圈备受关注，在实际应用中也有着举足轻重的地位 ...

1 Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China 2 Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China Recent studies on the ...

The immunogenicity of malignant cells has recently been acknowledged as a critical determinant of efficacy in cancer therapy. Thus, besides developing direct immunostimulatory regimens, including ...

Les Masterson is a deputy editor and insurance analyst at Forbes Advisor. He has been a journalist, reporter, editor and content creator for more than 25 years. He has covered insurance for a ...

相较于 PPO，GRPO 去掉了价值模型，而是通过分组分数来估计基线，从而可极大减少训练资源。 DeepSeek-R1 技术报告中写到：「具体来说，我们使用 ...