“If you have airflow obstruction based on spirometry, your risk for lung cancer is significantly higher than someone who has the same pack-year history of smoking that does not have airflow ...

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) was associated with the development of airway obstruction over 10 years of follow-up, independent of smoking habits, with comparable odds for disease ...

Spirometry is an important tool in both monitoring ... if you're a current or former smoker over age 45…have a family history of Emphysema…or worked with chemicals or other lung irritants.