Just as there are three Rs in the educational world, “readin,’ ‘ritin’ and ‘rithmatic,” there are also three Rs in the Christian world and all three of those Rs are to be found on top of the hill of ...

So why do scientists persist in denigrating their own behavior by advocating the three Rs: refinement, reduction, and replacement? In the United Kingdom, since the passage of the 1986 Animals ...

In 1959, the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW) Scholars Russell & Burch published the Principles of Humane Experimental Technique in which they laid out the principles of the Three Rs.