Activation of NF-κB is triggered by all TLRs from the plasma membrane and endosome, whereas TLR-induced IRF3 (TLR3 and TLR4) and IRF7 (TLR7–9) activation is initiated only from the endosome.

Host defense against pathogens is essential to restrict infectious diseases, and understanding the underlying biology is paramount to the development of new treatment strategies. This exciting ...

其中，髓样分化因子 88（MyD88）参与除 TLR3 通路外的所有 TLR 信号通路，而 TLR4 和 TLR3 的反应可激活 TRIF 通路，最终激活 IRF3，TLR4 信号通路较为独特，能够同时激活 MyD88 和 TRIF 信号通路。TLRs 在早期识别病原体、诱导促炎细胞因子和趋化因子产生，进而调节感染 ...