Activation of NF-κB is triggered by all TLRs from the plasma membrane and endosome, whereas TLR-induced IRF3 (TLR3 and TLR4) and IRF7 (TLR7–9) activation is initiated only from the endosome.

Host defense against pathogens is essential to restrict infectious diseases, and understanding the underlying biology is paramount to the development of new treatment strategies. This exciting ...

RFK Jr. Takes On Food Giants: Calls Meeting With PepsiCo And General Mills 1 McDonald's menu sold adult collectible Happy Meal Rare hantavirus that killed Gene Hackman's wife surged in Arizona in ...

Macrophages play a central role in initiating, maintaining, and terminating inflammation. For that, macrophages respond to various external stimuli in changing environments through signaling pathways ...

其中，髓样分化因子 88（MyD88）参与除 TLR3 通路外的所有 TLR 信号通路，而 TLR4 和 TLR3 的反应可激活 TRIF 通路，最终激活 IRF3，TLR4 信号通路较为独特，能够同时激活 MyD88 和 TRIF 信号通路。TLRs 在早期识别病原体、诱导促炎细胞因子和趋化因子产生，进而调节感染 ...

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and its incidence is increasing alongside the number of diabetes cases. Effective treatment and long-term ...

近日，Science China Life Sciences（《中国科学：生命科学》英文版）发表了华中农业大学水产学院苏建国教授撰写的题为“Toll-like receptor signaling in teleosts”的综述文章。该文从哺乳动物Toll样受体家族（Toll-like receptor, TLR）系统深入的研究结果入手，结合鱼类TLR现有知识，比较分析系统总结了鱼类TLR的组成、 ...

Peer ReviewDownload a summary of the editorial decision process including editorial decision letters, reviewer comments and author responses to feedback. The cGAS-STING signalling pathway has a ...