To time how fast a sprinter runs, you just need a stopwatch. To time how fast magma moves, you need to know a little bit ...

Volcanoes are responsible for building more than 80 percent of the Earth’s surface, and a subject of fascination and research ...

Volatile substances such as carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water (H 2 O) play a key role in the melting of the Earth's mantle beneath oceanic ridges, where tectonic plates diverge and create new oceanic ...

Throughout this journey, magma experiences significant changes in pressure and temperature, as well as crystal and volatile content that affect the bulk rheology. It is clear that reliable ...