But what makes up a carbon atom—or any other atom? The first subatomic particle to be identified was the electron, in 1898. Ten years later, the British physicist Ernest Rutherford discovered ...

But what is it really but a collection of ordinary carbon atoms—the same kind of atom that makes up 18 percent of your body and is an essential ingredient of all living things? This Hot Science ...

Quarks are the reason protons have a positive charge. Each quark has a fraction of an electric charge. A proton has two up ...

Hosts David and Gina explore three historical breakthroughs that led to the proliferation of PFAS—and could help us get rid ...

In these drawings, every line is a bond and every bend is a carbon atom. Most hydrogen atoms are not shown, and it is assumed each carbon has enough hydrogens so that each carbon has four bonds.