A new coating combined with a high-efficiency electrode structure made sub-freezing charging 500% faster in testing.

They also applied a lithium borate-carbonate coating to prevent lithium plating on the anode surface, resulting in a battery that can fully charge in 10 minutes at a 6C rate even at -10°C (14°F).

Carbonate ions also produce a white precipitate with barium chloride solution. The acid reacts with any carbonate ions present. This removes them, so stopping them giving a false positive result.

Unlike the other tests described on this page, the test for carbonate ions works whatever acid is added. Explain why, in a test for sulfate ions, the sample is acidified with hydrochloric acid first.