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This chapter delves into laser‐induced index or birefringence changes arising from changes in the order parameter, temperature, density, resulting in flows, director axis‐reorientation, and lattice ...

We present a general method for solving the modified Helmholtz equation without shape approximation for an arbitrary periodic charge distribution, whose solution is known as the Yukawa potential or ...

The course will cover central electron microscopy, diffraction, and spectroscopy methods used to describe structures, lattice faults, and chemistry of inorganic materials. The methods cover imaging in ...