ATR 激酶是应对 DNA 复制应激（RS）的关键调节因子，在癌细胞中，许多遗传突变会导致 RS 水平升高，而 ATR 在维持复制叉的稳定性和促进细胞存活方面发挥着重要作用。抑制 ATR 可使癌细胞因复制叉崩溃和有丝分裂灾难而死亡，因此 ATR 成为癌症治疗的潜在靶点。目前，基于 ATR 抑制剂（ATRi）的临床试验正在开展，但尚未建立有效的治疗方案。

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