Mathematics provides tools for explanation and analysis in the physical, engineering, business and social sciences. These tools can help in areas as diverse as planning and evaluating market research, ...

College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China ...

School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, ...