Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, meaning that the symptoms are caused by changes in how the GI tract works. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs ...
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;4(3):293-304. Tricyclic antidepressants primarily act through noradrenergic and serotonergic pathways but also have antimuscarinic and antihistaminic properties.
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