Excel can find the internal rate of return (IRR) and use that as the discount rate for an NPV of zero. Let’s begin by examining each step of NPV in order. The formula is: NPV = ∑ {After-Tax ...

How to calculate IRR The IRR formula is complex, so it's rarely calculated manually. In most cases, investors use an IRR calculator or an Excel spreadsheet, which has a built-in function to ...

To back into the IRR, a financial calculator, Excel, or portfolio accounting system ... with the ultimate goal of identifying the rate of discount. The formula for IRR can’t be easily calculated ...