As discussed in the paper, some of the patients were late-stage patients presenting with a non-pitting edema, and in these patients it is probably too late to try to just enhance lymphangiogenesis.

There are two primary forms of edema - pitting edema and non-pitting (lymphatic) edema. Pitting edema, often linked to systemic issues like heart or kidney disease, occurs when pressing on swollen ...

Pitting is a subjective assessment using the ... may reveal deficiencies in protein intake. Edema secondary to renal disease can be recognized by appropriate renal function tests (BUN, creatinine ...