At the edge of Egypt’s vast Eastern Desert, archaeologists have unearthed haunting evidence of an ancient dark history — ...

Archaeologists have discovered rare iron shackles that would have been used to bind the feet of workers, as described in Agatharchides’ text, in the ancient Egyptian gold mine of Ghozza.

A complete set of iron shackles found at the Ghozza mine in Egypt. | Credit: Bérangère Redon / French Archaeological Mission at the Eastern Desert; Antiquity Publications Ltd. Two sets of iron ...

Get Instant Summarized Text (Gist) Iron shackles discovered at a Ghozza dig site in Egypt indicate that some gold miners during the Ptolemaic period were subjected to forced labor. The site, which ...

In 2023, a team of archaeologists from the French Institute of Oriental Archaeology, led by historian Bérangère Redon, found iron shackles during excavations in Ghozza, a mining settlement in ...