Background: Cardiac syndrome X is defined by a typical angina pectoris with normal or near normal (stenosis <40%) coronary angiogram with or without electrocardiogram (ECG) change or atypical ...

Cardiac computed tomography (cardiac CT) includes coronary CT angiography (CTA ... of patency coronary artery bypass grafts 1. Normal ECG and cardiac markers with low or intermediate pretest ...

so that not all patients underwent angiography. CTA immediately identified or excluded disease in 75% of patients (eight had severe CAD and 67 had normal coronary arteries). The remaining 25% of ...

Lickoff’s syndrome was first described in 1967 as chest pain in young women with an abnormal ECG, but normal coronary angiogram. This is similar in nature to syndrome X. The etiology remains ...