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In these powerful collisions, the individual building blocks of the colliding protons, known as quarks and gluons, scatter off one another and sometimes get knocked free with enormous amounts of ...

In these high-energy smashups, quarks and gluons—the building blocks of protons—get knocked loose and fragment into new particles that fan out as a jet. But here’s the twist: how those particles fan ...

called quarks and gluons. These are collectively known as partons. But how these partons are arranged inside the nucleon, and how they add up to produce the nucleon’s spin, remains unclear.

ATLAS has now confirmed that top quarks are produced in the lead-nucleus collisions, together with their antiparticles. The top quark’s fleeting interactions with the quark–gluon plasma could ...

Physics Department, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, U.S.A. Institute for Theoretical Physics, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794 ...

Since its inception in 2008, the LHC (large hadron collider) at CERN has been a key player in pushing the boundaries of particle physics research. Consisting of four main experiments, the circular ...

and he introduced the fruitful approach of studying the strong force by imagining it is mediated by many more varieties of quarks and gluons than it actually is. Gerard 't Hooft has spent most of his ...

A pair of top quarks has been detected in the detritus spraying forth from the collision of two atoms of lead. This means that we're a step closer to taking new measurements of this primordial soup, ...

When the quarks are far apart, the potential is proportional to their separation due to the self-interacting gluons forming an elongating flux tube, yielding a constant force of attraction. At close ...