X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful technique widely used for the surface analysis of materials. At low energy resolution it provides qualitative and quantitative information on the ...

XPS relies on the photoelectric effect, where irradiating a material with X-rays causes the emission of core electrons. The kinetic energy of these emitted electrons is measured, which can be directly ...

There are two main types of photoelectron spectroscopy, differentiated by the energy range of the incident photons: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS): XPS uses soft X-rays (typically Al Kα or Mg ...

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is one of the most popular surface analysis methods because it can be used on a broad range of materials and it supplies highly useful chemical data on the ...

XPS spectra showed no significant changes, indicating that the Si–O–C bonds remained intact. Water contact angle measurements confirmed stability with minimal variations. However, exposure to ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is widely used for characterizing the uppermost 10 nm of a materials surface. Also called electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), the analytical ...

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