A surgical approach using a “pericardial window” is performed when there is concern that the pericardial fluid will accumulate, such as with a malignant pericardial effusion.

although other approaches may be equally effective and less invasive (e.g., pericardial window either by conventional heart surgery or video-assisted thoracoscopy). On the contrary ...

This is usually done percutaneously through a subxiphoid approach. A surgical pericardial window can be done to create communication between the pericardial space and the pleural space.

Researchers have found in a new study that it is risky to use oral minoxidil for alopecia among patients with S.L.E..