Think of it this way — the human body is a kingdom which is healthy, prosperous and functions peacefully. Every once in a while, invaders from the pathogen kingdom attack the body. But the human ...

This paradigm shift highlights a key role for the interleukin (IL)-23 cytokine, rather than the previous emphasis on IL-12, as the driving force behind the persistent inflammatory reaction.

Diseases such as covid-19 and influenza can be fatal due to an overreaction of the body’s immune system called a cytokine storm. Cytokines are small proteins released by many different cells in ...