The β-lactam ring is part of the core structure of several antibiotic families, the principal ones being the penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams, which are, therefore, also called β-lactam antibiotics. Nearly all of these antibiotics work by …

By definition, all β-lactam antibiotics have a β-lactam ring in their structure. The effectiveness of these antibiotics relies on their ability to reach the PBP intact and their ability to bind to the PBP.

2023年6月4日 · They work primarily by inactivating serine beta-lactamases, which are enzymes that hydrolyze and inactivate the beta-lactam ring (especially in gram-negative bacteria). These agents include the first-generation beta-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam) and the newer avibactam and vaborbactam that are active against ...

Resistance to β-lactams is primarily because of bacterially produced β-lactamase enzymes that hydrolyze the β-lactam ring, thereby inactivating the drug. The newest effort to circumvent resistance is the development of novel broad-spectrum β-lactamase inhibitors that work against many problematic β-lactamases, including cephalosporinases ...

The structural characteristics of a β-lactam ring provide higher reactivity for β-lactam antibiotics to inactivate penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) than a linear, five- or six-membered ring and stable benzene ring with conjugated double bonds.

The β-lactams are the most widely used class of antibiotic. 1,2 The antibiotics in this group are characterized by a reactive four-membered β-lactam ring, which is essential to their bactericidal activity. 3 This β-lactam ring is generally fused with another heterocycle, and this bicyclic core is functionalized in several key positions ...

2012年2月3日 · The β-lactam ring is considered the central motif of the main drugs utilized for the treatment of several bacterial infections such as ampicillin and amoxicillin [14]. The development of efficient and direct methodologies for the synthesis of β-lactams is highly desirable [15–33].

2024年11月23日 · A β-lactam (beta-lactam) ring is a four-membered lactam (cyclic amide). -Lactams are classified according to their core ring structures. The cephalosporins are a class of β-lactam antibiotics originally derived from the fungus Acremonium, which was previously known as “Cephalosporium”.

2012年6月20日 · Of the β-lactam antibiotics that are currently available, all feature the reactive β-lactam ring system, a highly strained and reactive cyclic amide. There are five relevant ring systems, including the penam, penem, carbapenem, cefem and monobactam ring structure.

2010年1月1日 · In this chapter, the most general approaches for the selective ring opening of the β-lactam unit are described and a selection of relevant developments are shown, including the most recent examples in the area. Three major bond breaking strategies of the β-lactam unit have been developed so far, Fig. 1.