Calderas are some of the most spectacular features on Earth. They are large volcanic craters that form by two different methods: 1) an explosive volcanic eruption; or, 2) collapse of surface rock into an empty magma chamber. The accompanying image is a satellite view of one of the most famous calderas - Crater Lake in Oregon.

A caldera (/ k ɔː l ˈ d ɛr ə, k æ l-/ [1] kawl-DERR-ə, kal-) is a large cauldron-like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. An eruption that ejects large volumes of magma over a short period of time can cause significant detriment to the structural integrity of such a chamber, greatly ...

Calderas can be as much as 120 km in diameter, are structurally complex features, and most are bounded by a pair of geologic discontinuities, a structural margin and a topographic margin ( fig. 2),...

The distinct magma chamber underpressure thresholds can explain variations in the evolution of caldera-forming eruptions and the eruption sequences for catastrophic ignimbrites during caldera...

Key of legend: 1: eruptive vents younger than 10 Ka; 2: top of volcano-tectonic escarpment; 3: caldera faults; 4: volcano-tectonic-faults; 5: regional faults (adapted from Orsi et alii 1991);...

2010年9月28日 · A caldera is a large, usually circular volcanic depression formed when magma is withdrawn or erupted from a shallow underground magma reservoir. It is often difficult to visualize how calderas form. This simple experiment using flour, a balloon, tubing, and a bicycle pump, provides a helpful visualization for caldera formation.

2023年10月19日 · A caldera is a large depression formed when a volcano erupts and collapses. During a volcanic eruption , magma present in the magma chamber underneath the volcano is expelled, often forcefully. When the magma chamber empties, the support that the magma had provided inside the chamber disappears.

Future collapse of shield volcano on Zamama to caldera volcano due to change in temperature, magma composition, eruptive rate, or other factors..jpg 1,275 × 1,650; 113 KB

2025年1月22日 · Whether a volcano is designated a caldera, shield volcano, or stratovolcano with a caldera depends on the principal landform feature. For example, Crater Lake in Oregon in the northwestern United States is designated a caldera, but Kilauea in Hawaii is designated a shield volcano even though it has a large summit caldera.

2025年1月28日 · Caldera, large bowl-shaped volcanic depression more than one kilometre in diameter and rimmed by infacing scarps. Calderas usually, if not always, form by the collapse of the top of a volcanic cone or group of cones because of removal of the support formerly furnished by an underlying body of magma