Direct nitration of phenol (hydroxybenzene) by dilute nitric acid gives modest yields of nitrated phenols and considerable oxidative decomposition to tarry materials; aniline (aminobenzene) is largely destroyed. Bromination of both phenol and aniline is difficult to control, with di- and tri-bromo products forming readily.

Bromination of methoxybenzene (anisole) is very fast and gives mainly the para-bromo isomer, accompanied by 10% of the ortho-isomer and only a trace of the meta-isomer. Bromination of nitrobenzene requires strong heating and produces the meta-bromo isomer as the chief product.

2018年1月29日 · Here’s a concrete example: the nitration of methoxybenzene (also known as anisole). ortho- and para- products dominate, while meta – products comprise less than 3%. In the second pattern, the meta – product dominates, and the ortho- and para – products are minor. We call the substituents which lead to this result “ meta- directors”.

Anisole, or methoxybenzene, is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 OC 6 H 5. It is a colorless liquid with a smell reminiscent of anise seed, and in fact many of its derivatives are found in natural and artificial fragrances. The compound is mainly made synthetically and is a precursor to other synthetic compounds.

Nitration. In this reaction we see the formation of a number of coloured products. We can predict the product using the technique above. Water must be produced this time, so the group that substitutes into the benzene ring must be the nitro group, -NO 2. The product shown below is 4-nitromethoxybenzene (again other isomers are possible):

2023年1月23日 · The nitration of methylbenzene (toluene) Methylbenzene reacts rather faster than benzene - in nitration, the reaction is about 25 times faster. That means that you would use a lower temperature to prevent more than one nitro group being substituted - in this case, 30°C rather than 50°C.

The nitration reactivity order is: methylbenzene > benzene > nitrobenzene ... for methoxybenzene (R = CH 3), ethoxybenzene (R = CH 2 CH 3) and phenoxybenzene (R = C 6 H 5) So you would expect the 2nd substituent to go onto benzene ring carbons 2 or 4, and this is born out by the data below and comparable with phenol in terms of very little 3 ...

Methylbenzene can undergo nitration, sulphonation, and halogenation through the aid of a halogen carrier. In the nitration of methylbenzene, a nitro group replaces a hydrogen atom on the benzene ring. This is facilitated by the electrophile, the nitronium ion (NO_2^+), formed from the reaction of concentrated nitric and sulphuric acid.

Methoxybenzene refers to a compound with a benzene ring substituted with one or more methoxy (-OCH3) groups. AI generated definition based on: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 2019

2023年1月23日 · Bromination of methoxybenzene (anisole) is very fast and gives mainly the para-bromo isomer, accompanied by 10% of the ortho-isomer and only a trace of the meta-isomer. Bromination of nitrobenzene requires strong heating and …