2025年1月10日 · Optimization, collection of mathematical principles and methods used for solving quantitative problems. Optimization problems typically have three fundamental elements: a quantity to be maximized or minimized, a collection of variables, and a set of constraints that restrict the variables.

2025年1月6日 · Consumption, in economics, the use of goods and services by households. Neoclassical (mainstream) economists generally consider consumption to be the final purpose of economic activity, and thus the level of consumption per person is viewed as a central measure of an economy’s productive success.

2025年1月10日 · Nonlinear optimization techniques are now widely used in finance, economics, manufacturing, control, weather modeling, and all branches of engineering.

2024年12月5日 · Pareto-optimality, a concept of efficiency used in the social sciences, including economics and political science, named for the Italian sociologist Vilfredo Pareto. A state of affairs is Pareto-optimal (or Pareto-efficient) if and only if there is no alternative state that would make some people better off without making anyone worse off.

In a typical optimization problem, the goal is to find the values of controllable factors determining the behaviour of a system (e.g., a physical production process, an investment scheme) that maximize productivity or minimize waste.

To determine your optimal portfolio, compare your efficient frontier arc with the capital market line (CML). This comparison illustrates the trade-off between the standard deviation (what we now call market volatility) of returns and expected return when combining a risk-free asset (such as U.S. Treasury bonds) with a diversified portfolio of risky assets (such as stocks and alternative ...

In economics: Theory of choice. If the firm wants to maximize profits (defined as the difference between the sales value of its output and the cost of its inputs), it will select that combination of inputs that minimizes its expenses and therefore maximizes its revenue. Firms can seek efficiencies through the production function, but production…

optimization: Linear programming Applications of the method of linear programming were first seriously attempted in the late 1930s by the Soviet mathematician Leonid Kantorovich and by the American economist Wassily Leontief in the areas of manufacturing schedules and of economics , respectively, but their work was ignored for decades.

transportation economics, the study of the allocation of transportation resources in order to meet the needs of a society. In a macroeconomic sense, transportation activities form a portion of a nation’s total economic product and play a role in building or strengthening a national or regional economy and as an influence in the development of ...

1999年2月5日 · Leontief is also distinguished for having developed linear programming, a mathematical technique for solving complex problems of economic operations. He also is known for the “Leontief Paradox.” Economists had previously held that a country’s exports reflect the commodity most abundant in that country—i.e., labour or capital.