L-Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) [2] or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a conditionally essential amino acid with a polar side group.

Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS) comprises an N-terminal domain, which has the fold of the class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, followed by idiosynchratic domains, which differ in eubacteria, archaebacteria and eukaryotes. The eubacterial TyrRSs have recruited an RNA binding domain which is found in a large family of proteins.

2001年1月1日 · Tyrosyl radicals are found in enzymes that catalyze a wide spectrum of chemical reactions, and their functional importance is well established in class I ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), prostaglandin H synthase (PGHS), and photosystem II (PSII).

2023年3月8日 · Dominant mutations in tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (YARS1) and six other tRNA ligases cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth peripheral neuropathy (CMT). Loss of aminoacylation is not required for their...

2004年4月12日 · Advanced spectroscopic and structural studies have been performed to investigate the spin-density distribution, the protonation state and the hydrogen bonding of redox-active tyrosines. These studies have shown that the radical spin-density distribution is highly insensitive to the environment and that it is typical of a deprotonated species.

Tyrosine—tRNA ligase (EC 6.1.1.1), also known as tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase is an enzyme that is encoded by the gene YARS. Tyrosine—tRNA ligase catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + L-tyrosine + tRNA (Tyr) ⇌ AMP + diphosphate + L-tyrosyl-tRNA (Tyr)

2003年5月19日 · The archaeal/eukaryotic tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS)–tRNA Tyr pairs do not cross-react with their bacterial counterparts. This 'orthogonal' condition is essential for using the archaeal pair...

Tyrosine oxidation/reduction can play a critical role in facilitating these reactions. Two examples are photosystem II (PSII) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). RNR is essential in DNA synthesis in all organisms. In E. coli RNR, a tyrosyl radical, Y122 •, is required as a radical initiator.

2018年1月1日 · In this review, we give an account of the discovery of tyrosyl–DNA phosphodiesterases and present insights into the structural aspects, functional diversity, regulation and the current state of development of inhibitors of these precision biological tools.

Redox reactions of tyrosine play key roles in many biological processes, including water oxidation and DNA synthesis. We first review the redox properties of tyrosine (and other phenols) in small molecules and related polypeptides, then report work on (H20)/ (Y48)-modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin.