Lipid metabolism is the synthesis and degradation of lipids in cells, involving the breakdown and storage of fats for energy and the synthesis of structural and functional lipids, such as those involved in the construction of cell membranes. In animals, these fats are obtained from food and are synthesized by the liver. [1]

2020年6月17日 · This tutorial review covers recent advances on the preparation, derivatization, and analysis of lipids. In particular, we describe several chemical approaches that form part of a powerful toolbox for controlling and characterizing lipid structure.

In this tutorial review, we cover recently developed technologies employed for chemical synthesis and modifications of lipids in vitro and in live cells, as well as explore their associated biological applications.

Lipids generate ATP and are involved in the synthesis of vitamins, hormones, bile salts, eicosanoids, and cellular membranes, as well as the regulation of cellular signaling. Cholesterol and phospholipids are essential components of membranes within the cell. The anabolism and catabolism of lipids is compartmentalized.

Lipid metabolism entails the oxidation of fatty acids to either generate energy or synthesize new lipids from smaller constituent molecules. Lipid metabolism is associated with carbohydrate metabolism, as products of glucose (such as acetyl CoA) can be converted into lipids.

The chief biological phosphorylation reagents are phosphate derivatives of adenosine (a ribose compound). The strongest of these is the triphosphate ATP, with the diphosphate and monophosphate being less powerful. The overall process of fatty acid synthesis is summarized for palmitic acid, CH 3 (CH 2) 14 CO 2 H, in the following equation:

In this article, we provide an overview of the biosynthesis of the major lipid constituents of cell membranes, that is, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and sterols, and discuss the mechanisms by which these newly synthesized lipids are delivered to their target membranes.

The synthesis and the homeostatic control of lipid biosynthesis is an essential feature of bacterial physiology and membrane biogenesis. Although the studies of individual phospholipids and their synthesis began in 1920 first in plants and then mammal, it was not until the early 1960 that studies were initiated in bacterial lipid metabolism in ...

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Discrete biosynthetic pathways operate to produce each class of lipids described in chapter “The Lipids of Biological Membranes.” In eukaryotes, lipid synthesis largely takes place on the endoplasmic reticulum. Following biosynthesis, newly synthesized lipid must be transported by vesicles to target membranes.