2018年5月18日 · Ocean Ecosystems [1]: Open Ocean The realm of open water, called the pelagic zone, has the greatest volume and vertical range of any life zone. It includes the region above the continental shelf [2] , called the neritic province, and the region beyond, called the …

CO 2 moves between the atmosphere and the ocean by molecular diffusion when there is a difference between CO 2 gas pressure (pCO 2) between the atmosphere and oceans. For example, when the atmospheric pCO 2 is higher than the surface ocean, CO 2 diffuses across the air-sea boundary into the sea water.

2018年5月14日 · Marine (ocean) biology is the study of the function, biodiversity, and ecology of the animals and plants that live in the ocean. An organism's function is how it lives and grows in its environment. Biodiversity refers to the wide range of species of plants, animals, and microorganisms such as bacteria that live in the ocean.

LAND AND MARINE CARNIVORES: CarnivoraPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICSThe order Carnivora (kar-NIH-vuh-ruh) refers to a group of mammals whose evolutionary ancestors were carnivores, or meat-eaters.

The range of species in mudflats tends to be narrow, but there can be many individuals within this range. The channels are the areas of an estuary that connect to the ocean and are generally rich in fish and crustaceans like crabs. Overall, an estuary is a rich ecosystem because it tends to be shallow and there is a good mixing of nutrients.

2018年5月21日 · The portion of the marine ecosystem that overlies the world's continental shelves. This subdivision of the pelagic zone includes some of the ocean's most productive water. This productivity supports a food chain culminating in an abundance of commercially important fish and shellfish and is largely a consequence of abundant sunlight and nutrients.

In the open ocean, the ecosystems are vertically stratified. That is, different plants and animals are found at different depths. Sunlight penetrates to a depth of only 3 ft (0.9 m) or so in the cloudy waters of an estuary, compared to up to 300 ft (90 m) in the clearer waters of the open ocean.

For example, a coral reef ecosystem, composed of coral, sea stars, worms, sea slugs, snails, kelp, sea grass, fish, crabs, sharks, seals, whales, and plankton has much greater ecosystem diversity than the open ocean near Antarctica, which has an ecosystem composed primarily of phytoplankton, krill, fish, and whales.

In an isolated system, neither matter nor energy is exchanged with its environment. In a closed system, energy, but not matter, is exchanged. In an open system, both matter and energy are exchanged between the system and its surrounding environment. Any ecosystem is an example of an open system. Energy can enter the system in the form of ...

2018年5月23日 · CHANNEL: A water-filled path which connects mudflats and salt marshes to the ocean in an estuary. FLYWAY: A flying route regularly taken by migratory birds. FOOD WEB: An interconnected set of all the food chains in the same ecosystem. MUDFLAT: An area of low-lying muddy land that is covered at high tide and exposed at low tide.